Investigation of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Its Associated Factors Regarding Blood Donation among Healthcare Workers in Private and Government Hospitals in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Blood donation is a critical component of healthcare systems, yet knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding blood donation among healthcare workers can vary significantly. This study investigates the KAP related to blood donation and associated sociodemographic factors among healthcare workers in private and government hospitals in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: The study used an institution-based cross-sectional design with stratified random sampling, allocating samples proportionally from each department. Data were collected via pre-tested self- administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.
Result: The findings revealed that the magnitude of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding blood donation among participants was 78.0%, 79.2%, and 31.8%, respectively. Length of service as a healthcare worker (6-8 years) was significantly associated with increased knowledge (AOR=7.031; 95% CI=1.665-29.696) and a nine-fold increase in favorable attitudes towards blood donation (AOR=9.128; 95% CI=1.666-50.023). Additionally, motivation by others to donate blood was positively correlated with knowledge (AOR=2.443; 95% CI=1.166-5.119). Conversely, being male (AOR=2.153; 95% CI=1.127-4.111) and holding a Diploma qualification (AOR=0.173; 95% CI=0.097- 0.311) were significantly associated with the practice of blood donation.
Conclusions: The study found that healthcare workers in Dire Dawa have good knowledge and positive attitudes towards blood donation, but their actual participation is low. To improve blood donation practices, targeted interventions should focus on practical engagement and addressing gender disparities. Further research is needed to identify additional barriers to blood donation among these workers.