Prevalence and associated factors of multi drug resistance tuberculosis among presumptive tuberculosis patients at public health facilities in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The emergence of multi- drug resistant tuberculosis threatens global tuberculosis care and prevention and continues to be a public health threat in many countries. Ethiopia is among 30th high multi drug resistance tuberculosis burden countries, but evidence regarding on prevalence and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia was scarce, especially in Dire Dawa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among presumptive tuberculosis patients in public health facilities in the area.

Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in seven health centers and one hospital in Dire Dawa from August 2020 to July 2021. Data were collected by face-to-face interview from patients and data extraction sheet from Gene Xpert registration books. The data was entered and cleaned using Epi- Data version 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used and variables which had a significant association were identified on the basis of 95% CI and P< 0.05.

Results: The estimated prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in presumptive tuberculosis patients was 487/3638 (13.4%) and multi-drug resistance tuberculosis was 25 (5.1 %). The prevalence of multi- drug resistant tuberculosis among new and previously treated presumptive TB patients was 10 (0.3%) and 15 (8.3%), respectively. Educational status (AOR= 0.042, 95% CI 0.003-0.534, P = 0.015, history of previous tuberculosis treatment (AOR= 27.6, 95% CI 11.78- 64.85, P< 0.001) and HIV sero status (AOR= 5.8, 95% CI 2.438- 13.95, P< 0.001) were found to be statistically significant and independent predictors of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis.

Conclusion: The prevalence of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in this study was lower than national estimates. Educational status, history of previous tuberculosis treatment and HIV serostatus were factors associated with multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in this study.